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Abstrakt

This article is focusing on identity work among Muslim and Christian women in Norway. Based
on qualitative interviews with twenty Christian and Muslim women from four different faith
communities: a congregation within the Church of Norway, a congregation within the Pentecostal
movement, a Sunni mosque and a Shia mosque, I ask: What does it entail to be a «Norwegian
» and how do gender and religion play into that? How are inclusionary and exclusionary
dynamics experienced by religious minority and majority women? I claim that identity work is
useful for understanding lived citizenship because it sheds light on inclusionary and exclusionary
processes in a multicultural society. By including minority and majority experiences, the differences
of power in minoritizing and majoritizing processes become evident. This article shows
that identities are processual and dynamic; however, stereotypical collective categories often
seem fixed. Categories like «Muslim», «woman» and «Pakistani» intermingle in the way that
they position someone as «not fully Norwegian». The category «Norwegian» is a rather narrow
and exclusionary term mainly based on an ethnos-understanding of being a Norwegian citizen in
a broad sense (medborger). This understanding of Norwegian citizenship is based on a common
cultural heritage and descent. Christianity is a part of this common cultural heritage, however
Islam is not.

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